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Effect of K and Ca on catalytic activity of Mn-CeO

Boxiong SHEN, Lidan DENG, Jianhong CHEN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 512-517 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0519-y

Abstract: Mn-CeO /Ti-pillared clay (PILC) is an attractive catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO atThe poisoning of K and Ca on the catalyst of Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC is an important problem because K and Catechniques of NH -temperature programmed desorption (TPD), H -temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray(Ca)Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC and (K)Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC are denoted for the dopes of the catalyst of Mn-CeO /Ti-PILCThe activities of Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC, (Ca)Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC and (K)Mn-CeO /Ti-PILC for NH -selective catalytic

Keywords： Mn-CeO<italic>xitalic>/Ti-pillared clay (PILC)     low-temperature selective catalytic reduction    

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Adsorption of fluoride on clay minerals and their mechanisms using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Junyi DU, Daishe WU, Huayun XIAO, Ping LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 212-226 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0255-5

Abstract: This research investigates the adsorption mechanisms of fluoride (F) on four clay minerals (kaolinitereaction times by probing their fluoride superficial layer binding energies and element compositions using X-rayconcentrations ( = 5–1000 mg·L ), the amount of F adsorbed ( ), amount of hydroxide released by clayAt <5–100 mg·L , clay minerals adsorb H to protonate aluminum-bound surface-active hydroxyl sites inAt low (0.3–1.5 mg·L ), proton transfer occurs, and the F adsorption capabilities of the clay minerals

Keywords： clay mineral     fluoride (F)     adsorption mechanism     X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)    

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Numerical simulation and experimental verification of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO

Qiang ZHANG, Yonglin FAN, Wenyan LI

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 523-528 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0520-y

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a major commercial technology for NO removal in power plants. There are a lot of complex chemical reactions in SCR reactors, and it is of great significance to understand the internal process of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO and study the impact of various factors on NO removal efficiency. In this paper, the impact of reaction temperature, ammonia-nitrogen molar ratio and resident time in the catalyst bed layer on NO removal efficiency were studied by simulation of chemical reactions. Then calculated results were compared with catalyst activity test data in a power plant, which proved that the simulated results were accurate. As a result, the reaction conditions were optimized in order to get the best removal efficiency of NO, so that we can provide a reference for optimal running of SCR in power plants.

Keywords： SCR     NO<italic>xitalic>     removal efficiency     chemical reactions     simulation    

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Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

Jeremy J. SCHREIFELS, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 98-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0171-4

Abstract: By the end of 2010, China had approximately 650 GW of coal-fired electric generating capacity producing almost 75% of the country’s total electricity generation. As a result of the heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation, emissions of air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NO ), are increasing. To address these growing emissions, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) has introduced new NO emission control policies to encourage the installation of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technologies on a large number of coal-fired electric power plants. There is, however, limited experience with SCR in China. It is therefore useful to explore the lessons from the use of SCR technologies in other countries. This paper provides an overview of SCR technology performance at coal-fired electric power plants demonstrating emission removal rates between 65% and 92%. It also reviews the design and operational challenges that, if not addressed, can reduce the reliability, performance, and cost-effectiveness of SCR technologies. These challenges include heterogeneous flue gas conditions, catalyst degradation, ammonia slip, sulfur trioxide (SO ) formation, and fouling and corrosion of plant equipment. As China and the rest of the world work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions from parasitic load and urea-to-ammonia conversion may also become more important. If these challenges are properly addressed, SCR can reliably and effectively remove up to 90% of NO emissions at coal-fired power plants.

Keywords： nitrogen oxides (NO<italic>xitalic>)     coal     selective catalytic reduction (SCR)     air pollution    

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Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 404-410 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0513-x

Abstract: The residual gas and remained raw gas in dual gas resources polygeneration system are quite complex in components (mainly CH , CO, and H ), and these results to the distinguished differences in combustion reaction. Experimental investigations on basic combustion characteristics of syngas referred above are conducted on a laboratory-scale combustor with flame temperature and flue gas composition measured and analyzed. Primary air coefficient (PA), total air coefficient (TA), and components of the syngas (CS) are selected as key factors, and it is found that PA dominates mostly the ignition of syngas and NO formation, while TA affects the flue gas temperature after high temperature region and NO formation trend to be positive as H /CO components increase. The results provide references for industrial utilization.

Keywords： dual gas resources polygeneration     lean premixed combustion     residual gas     remained raw gas     NO<italic>xitalic> emission    

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A combined experimental and theoretical study of micronized coal reburning

Hai ZHANG, Jiaxun LIU, Jun SHEN, Xiumin JIANG

Frontiers in Energy 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 119-126 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0226-6

Abstract: Micronized coal reburning (MCR) can not only reduce carbon in fly ash but also reduce NO emissions as compared to the conventional coal reburning. However, it has two major kinetic barriers in minimizing NO emission. The first is the conversion of NO into hydrogen cyanide (HCN) by conjunction with various hydrocarbon fragments. The second is the oxidation of HCN by association with oxygen-containing groups. To elucidate the advantages of MCR, a combination of Diffuse Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) experimental studies with Density Functional Theory (DFT) theoretical calculations is conducted in terms of the second kinetic barrier. FTIR studies based on Chinese Tiefa coal show that there are five hydroxide groups such as OH-π, OH-N, OH-OR , self-associated OH and free OH. The hydroxide groups increase as the mean particle size decreases expect for free OH. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d) level indicate that HCN can be oxidized by hydroxide groups in three paths, HCN+OH→HOCN+H (path 1), HCN+OH→HNCO+H (path 2), and HCN+OH→CN+H O (path 3). The rate limiting steps for path 1, path 2 and path 3 are IM2→P1+H (170.66 kJ/mol activated energy), IM1→IM3 (231.04 kJ/mol activated energy), and R1+OH→P3+H O (97.14 kJ/mol activated energy), respectively. The present study of MCR will provide insight into its lower NO emission and guidance for further studies.

Keywords： infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)     density functional theory (DFT)     homogeneous reaction mechanism     NO<italic>xitalic>    

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The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

Junhua LI, Hong HE, Chun HU, Jincai ZHAO

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 302-325 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0511-6

Abstract: This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal- catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed.

Keywords： air pollution control     wastewater treatment     DeNO<italic>xitalic>     selective catalytic reduction    

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Bearing and uplift capacities of under-reamed piles in soft clay underlaid by stiff clay using lower-bound

Mantu MAJUMDER, Debarghya CHAKRABORTY

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2,   Pages 537-551 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0708-x

Abstract: Ensuring a safe foundation design in soft clay is always a challenging task to engineers.In the present study, the effectiveness of under-reamed piles in soft clay underlaid by stiff clay iswith the increase in the length-to-shaft-diameter ratio ( / ) and adhesion factors in soft clay ( )and stiff clay ( ).and soft clay underlaid by stiff clay.

Keywords： bearing capacity     uplift capacity     under-reamed pile     clay     limit analysis    

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acetylene/carbon dioxide separation with excellent dynamic capacity and low regeneration energy by anion-pillared

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering   Pages 1616-1622 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2183-x

Abstract: regeneration energy (29.5 kJ·mol–1) was achieved with the novel TiF62–-pillaredMoreover, the NbO52– anion-pillared material ZU-61 investigated for separation

Keywords： adsorption     acetylene/carbon dioxide separation     dynamic capacity     anion-pillared hybrid material    

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The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al

Lei YUAN, Xiang ZHENG, Kaijiao DUAN, Hao HU, Jinggang WANG, Seong Ihl WOO, Zhiming LIU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 457-463 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0512-5

Abstract: Selective catalytic reduction of NO by H in the presence of oxygen has been investigated over Pt/Al O catalysts pre-treated under different conditions. Catalyst preparation conditions exert significant influence on the catalytic performance, and the catalyst pre-treated by H or H then followed by O is much more active than that pre-treated by air. The higher surface area and the presence of metallic Pt over Pt/Al O pre-treated by H or pretreated by H then followed by O can contribute to the formation of NO , which then promotes the reaction to proceed at low temperatures.

Keywords： NO<italic>xitalic> reduction     Pt/Al2O3     preparation condition     H    

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Model testing of tripod caisson foundations in silty clay subjected to eccentric lateral loads

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 3,   Pages 467-476 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0933-6

Abstract: the bearing capacities of tripod caisson foundations subjected to eccentric lateral loads in silty clay

Keywords： tripod caisson foundation     silty clay     eccentric lateral capacity     model tests    

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Behavior of compacted clay-concrete interface

R. R .SHAKIR, Jungao ZHU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 1,   Pages 85-92 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0013-6

Abstract: Tests of interface between compacted clay and concrete were conducted systematically using interfacewater content, normal stress and rough surface on the shear stress-shear displacement relationship of clay-concretedisplacement behavior for both cases of relatively rough and smooth concrete surface except when the claygreater than 16% for the case of rough concrete surface where the shear failure occurs in the body of the claythe interface shear strength increases with increasing water content ratio especially for the case of clay-rough

Keywords： soil structure interaction     simple shear test     interface     friction     compacted clay     interface modeling    

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The <italic>rpoSitalic> deficiency suppresses acetate accumulation in glucose-enriched culture of <italic>Escherichia coliitalic> under an aerobic condition

Prayoga SURYADARMA, Yoshihiro OJIMA, Yuto FUKUDA, Naohiro AKAMATSU, Masahito TAYA

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 152-157 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1287-0

Abstract: The role of on the central carbon metabolism was investigated through analyzing the deficiency of this regulon gene under aerobic and glucose-enriched culture conditions. The experimental results showed that while the wild type cells exhibited an overflow metabolism effect, the -deleting mutation alleviated this effect with the significant suppression of acetate accumulation under a high glucose condition. This gene deletion also induced the twofold upregulation of and one-tenth downregulation of , respectively. The overflow metabolism effect was confirmed to be recovered by re-introducing gene into the mutant. These results demonstrated changed the central carbon metabolism toward acetate overflow through dehydrogenation of pyruvate and reduction of TCA cycle activity.

Keywords： <italic>Escherichia coliitalic>     <italic>rpoSitalic>     aerobic and glucose-enriched culture     overflow    

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Fabrication of titanosilicate pillared MFI zeolites with tailored catalytic activity

Baoyu Liu, Qiaowen Mu, Jiajin Huang, Wei Tan, Jing Xiao

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5,   Pages 772-782 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1859-3

Abstract: Titanosilicate pillared MFI zeolite nanosheets were successfully synthesized by infiltrating the mixedThe obtained zeolite catalysts were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, N adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-raydibenzothiophene (DBT) was used to evaluate the catalytic performance of the obtained titanosilicate pillaredimplied that a balance between the meso- and microporosity of zeolites and tetrahedrally coordinated Ti

Keywords： MFI zeolite     catalysis     nanosheets     fabrication    

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Dual cross-linked MXene/cellulose nanofiber/nickel alginate film with improved mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding performance

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 1460-1469 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2335-7

Abstract: Electromagnetic interference pollution has raised urgent demand for the development of electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Transition metal carbides (MXenes) with excellent conductivity have shown great potential in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, while the poor mechanical strength, flexibility, and structural stability greatly limit their further applications. Here, cellulose nanofibers and sodium alginate are incorporated with MXene nanosheets as flexible matrices to construct strong and flexible mussel-like layered MXene/Cellulose nanofiber/Sodium Alginate composite films, and nickel ions are further introduced to induce metal coordination crosslinking of alginate units. Benefited from the dual-crosslinked network structure of hydrogen bonding and metal coordination, the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness of the MXene/cellulose nanofiber/nickel alginate composite film are significantly increased. After subsequent reduction by ascorbic acid, excess nickel ions are reduced to nickel nanoparticles and uniformly dispersed within the highly conductive composite film, which further improved its hysteresis loss effect toward the incident electromagnetic waves. Consequently, the MXene/cellulose nanofiber/nickel alginate-Ni composite film presents a considerably enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (47.17 dB) at a very low thickness of 29 μm. This study proposes a feasible dual-crosslinking and subsequent reduction strategy to synergistically enhance the mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding performance of MXene-based composite materials.

Keywords： Ti3C2Tx MXene     double crosslinking     mechanical properties     EMI    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Effect of K and Ca on catalytic activity of Mn-CeO

Boxiong SHEN, Lidan DENG, Jianhong CHEN

Journal Article

Adsorption of fluoride on clay minerals and their mechanisms using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Junyi DU, Daishe WU, Huayun XIAO, Ping LI

Journal Article

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of chemical reactions for SCR DeNO

Qiang ZHANG, Yonglin FAN, Wenyan LI

Journal Article

Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

Jeremy J. SCHREIFELS, Shuxiao WANG, Jiming HAO

Journal Article

Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

Journal Article

A combined experimental and theoretical study of micronized coal reburning

Hai ZHANG, Jiaxun LIU, Jun SHEN, Xiumin JIANG

Journal Article

The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

Junhua LI, Hong HE, Chun HU, Jincai ZHAO

Journal Article

Bearing and uplift capacities of under-reamed piles in soft clay underlaid by stiff clay using lower-bound

Mantu MAJUMDER, Debarghya CHAKRABORTY

Journal Article

acetylene/carbon dioxide separation with excellent dynamic capacity and low regeneration energy by anion-pillared

Journal Article

The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al

Lei YUAN, Xiang ZHENG, Kaijiao DUAN, Hao HU, Jinggang WANG, Seong Ihl WOO, Zhiming LIU

Journal Article

Model testing of tripod caisson foundations in silty clay subjected to eccentric lateral loads

Journal Article

Behavior of compacted clay-concrete interface

R. R .SHAKIR, Jungao ZHU

Journal Article

The <italic>rpoSitalic> deficiency suppresses acetate accumulation in glucose-enriched culture of <italic>Escherichia coliitalic> under an aerobic condition

Prayoga SURYADARMA, Yoshihiro OJIMA, Yuto FUKUDA, Naohiro AKAMATSU, Masahito TAYA

Journal Article

Fabrication of titanosilicate pillared MFI zeolites with tailored catalytic activity

Baoyu Liu, Qiaowen Mu, Jiajin Huang, Wei Tan, Jing Xiao

Journal Article

Dual cross-linked MXene/cellulose nanofiber/nickel alginate film with improved mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding performance

Journal Article